Management Of Infertility

Infertility is the inability of a couple to procreate or bear children after one year of regular unprocteted sexual intercourse. The rate of infertility has been on the rise of late which is brought about by a wide range of physical and emotional factors.

 History Taking

It is important to take the history of both Males and Females together or separately. This should include developmental history including immunisation, milestones, e.g. puberty
, past medical and surgical history, frequency of coitus and mode of coitus. It should also include types of jobs of husband and wife and whether they live together or separately.

Specific questions must be asked from both males and females of any past infections, vaginal or urethral discharge or lower abdominal pains. Specific questions of past history of mumps should be asked in the males. Both partners should also be questioned for past history of diabetes or hypertension or drug abuse.

Physical Examination 

Both male and female should be examined for any congenital abnormality including undescended tests in the male, imperforate hymen or any other disability in the females, should also be screened for evidence of fibroids and all other factors that may be responsible for infertility.

Counselling

Physical examination is followed by counselling of the couple. This should include the physical aspect of sexual relationship, sex, education and detecting any sexual dysfunction.

During the first counselling, some very important points are stressed. These include:

1. That fertile sperms should enter the vaginal at the time of ovulation.

2. Good secretion (i.e. egg white) from the cervix are required for sperms to enter the uterus.

3. The tubes have to be open.

4. The lining of the uterus must be in the right condition for the egg to implant and pregnancy to start.

It should be stressed during counselling that getting pregnant is a function of both males and females. The mind of the male should be disabused about the fact that fertility is only a function of the female, i.e. referring to fruit of the womb. The man has to first deposit viable spermatozoa before pregnancy can be achieved. Both partner should therefore be encouraged to take joint responsibility for achieving their aim of having a child.

One of the methods is the use of the Ondo Chart. Both Parties are encouraged to look at the chart together. Other methods include recording it on a chart. The most reliable method is however the Billings Method of Ovulation and the filling of the Ondo Chart.

It is important to reassure the couple and continue to encourage them to use the natural methods for about a year unless gross abnormalities have been discovered during physical examination. If these however fail, it is necessary to proceed to investigation.

Investigation of an Infertile Couple

The investigation should involve those for the husband and wife. The couple should be made to understand that both of them have to go through the medical tests together.

It is also better to start from the non-invasive tests before proceeding to the invasive tests. The non-invasive tests are those that would not disturb the physiology of the body.

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common causes of pain

WHAT IS PAIN

According to the Encarta Dictionary; pain is the acutely unpleasant physical discomfort experienced by somebody who is violently struck, injured, or ill.

Pain is a complicated process that involves an intricate interplay among numbers of important chemicals found naturally in the brain and spinal cord. These chemicals are called neurotransmitter, transmitting nerve impulses from one cell to another.

Pain is a nature warning that something is wrong with body and the most compelling problems of man.
Through pain we are able to know when something adverse is going on somewhere in the body. A man who feels no pain is thus as good as dead.

Pain enables us to pay attention to our body. A man who enjoys his food so much and has the tendency to overeat may not know it is time to stop if his stomach does not send some signals through pain to inform him that he has had enough.

TYPE OF PAIN

1. Somatic Pain

This pain is caused by the activation of pain receptors in the musculoskeletal tissues. Somatic pain is usually described as aching. This pain is probably caused by a combination of factors, such as inflammation, repetitive trauma, vigorous stretching, excessive activities, flabbiness, etc. Generally speaking, somatic pain is usually aggravated by activity and relieved by rest.

2. Visceral Pain


Visceral is refers to as the internal areas of the body that are enclosed in a cavity. Visceral Pain is the pain we feel when our internal organ is injured, and by far, this pain is the most common of pain. Visceral pain is caused by the activation of pain receptor in abdomen and chest area, and also by problems with internal organ, such as the stomach pain, gallbladder pain, urinary bladder pain, kidney pain, and intestines.


3. Neuropathic Pain


Neuropathic pain is caused by injury or malfunction to the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Neuropathic pain is typically a burning, tingling, shooting, stinging sensation. The Neuropathic pain usually occurs within days, weeks, or months of the injury and tends to occur in waves of frequency and intensity. The pain is diffuse and occurs at below the level of injury, examples, leg pain, toes pain, back pain, feet pain, and thigh pain. Some cause Neuropathic Pain include the following  


I. Amputation       II. Diabetes      III. Shingles      IV. Chemotherapy      V. Multiple Sclerosis 


VI. Alcoholism  

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Bitter Leaf as Natural Medicine

The right way to take bitter leaf: 

Bitter leaf should always be taken raw and fresh as an alternative health remedies. Boiling or cooking reduces the potency of the leaf. Its bitterness must not be squeezed out before eating; otherwise what will be left is mere chaff with little or no medicinal value. Remember always that raw vegetables are bitter than cooked ones and half-cooked vegetables are better than over-cooked ones.

 Medicinal value of Bitter Leaf

The following are some of the uses of bitter leaf.

1.   STOMACH ACHE

Chew the tender stem of the plant like chewing stick and swallow the bitterness.
This is a well known remedy for stomach aches. In some cases, the ache stops within a few minutes.
An alternative is to pound the fresh leaves in a mortar and press out the juice. Add a pinch of salt to three tablespoons of the undiluted juice and drink. This brings immediate relief.

2.   SKIN INFECTION

For skin infections such as ringworm, itching, rashes, and eczema, the pure, undiluted extract of bitter leaf is excellent. Simply apply it to the affected part daily.

3 GOOD FOR THE LIVER 

 It tones the vital organs of the organ of the body. It weighs between 1-3kg in the adult. The liver is essential in the metabolism of fats and protein; it must therefore be well taken care of. Once the liver has any defect, it is hard to correct. Every effort must be made therefore to keep the liver in good condition. Alcohol, sugar, and processed food that we often feed ourselves and the children with can weaken the liver and make it susceptible to infections.

4. DIABETES: 

 its intake will not only reduce the sugar level drastically, it will also help to repair the pancreas. Squeeze ten handfuls of the fresh leaves in ten litres of water and take two glasses thrice daily for one month. This amounts to six glasses daily.

5. INSOMNIA: 

Bitter leaf extract has done wonders for those suffering from sleeplessness. Simply take two glasses of bitter leaf solution every night. You will experience great calm and well being. You may add a little honey if you wish.

6. PNEUMONIA: 

Squeeze the fresh leaves of the plant in water. Take a glass-full thrice daily. Warm the solution on fire each time before drinking. Remember, do not boil, just warm. Continue the medication for a month. You do not need to squeeze the leaves each time you want to drink it. You can squeeze a large quantity at once and add some honey. This will help preserve the solution. However, note that if you store bitter leaf extract for twenty-four hours or more, the bitterness will disappear or diminish. But the efficacy remains. 

7. PROSTRATE CANCER:

Prostrate cancer is common among men who are over forty years old. Its symptom is difficult and painful urination, among others. Bitter leaf is very good for this ailment. It increases the flow of urine and reduces the pain, as well as regulates the spread of the cell. Simply squeeze the fresh leaves in water and take a glassful four times daily. Dont be surprised if you begin to urinate very frequently when you take the bitter leaf extract. It's part of the cleansing and healing process that your body needs.

8. GENERAL WEAKNESS:

Do you often feel weak and tired? Do you lack vitality and vigour? Then get up and take a walk into the bush. You don't need to trek far before you find a bitter leaf plant. Squeeze the leaves in water and take a glass thrice daily. Soon you will experience a new lease of energy.

9. STROKE:

 Bitter leaf a a natural health supplement calms the nerves, strengthens the muscles, and cleanses the system. I have seen the marvels that bitter leaf extract has done for many people and I testify that it is good.

10. ARTHRITIS:

Arthritis or rheumatism patients who have tried bitter-leaf solution as described above attest to its effectiveness. It soothes inflamed joints and eradicates the pain.

 Parents should enforce bitter leaf on their children diet as a natural home remedy to make them healthy the natural way. There are lots of things or ailments that need not reach the hospital before curing them

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